Disadvantages and Advantages of Using Social Networks in Business

Question: Discuss Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business? Answer: Introducation: Literature review can be understood as the study of various articles, journals, studies, research papers and other secondary data analysis in order to collect data on the subject and reach to the conclusion after an analysis of the same. Literature review helps in collecting the data which has been already collected and used by others but it helps in supporting the motive of the research and helps in meeting the objectives of the research. The scope of Literature review is wide as it is based on the topic Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business. Social media is used widely by many businesses in the present time and a lot of literature is to be referred in order to study about the topic. Social networks are the part of daily routine of our lives and the business as well. As per Hanafizadeh, et. al. (2012), Social networks are becoming increasingly important in the businesses of today. The growing importance of internet in the businesses has shown that businesses could advertise and promote their products and services through social networking sites, forums, content communities, etc. Social networks make businesses capable of making interactions with the people and social groups in order to make people connect with their business. It helps in building public relations and makes business popular among the mass population. According to Baruah (2012), in the midst of the revolution of social media, the businesses are using social media websites for developing their social networks. They share knowledge and information with the masses through social media networks. It is because the ways of taking and communicating are changing with the time. The author conducts a study in which the importance of social media as a tool is evaluated. The author shares that social networks in business have several advantages like it shares the ideas of the business and it also bridges the communication gap and distances between business and target consumers. Building social networks are also cost effective for the businesses because it popularizes the business and lowers the costs of advertising or promotion. In the words of Parveen (2012), Social networking is a growing phenomenon and it develops continuous communication with the public. The businesses investing in social networks results in better performance, more sales and better network of business. The author further added that there are certain disadvantages too with the advantages of social networks in Business. It is investigated that effective networks in business improves revenue generation and effectiveness in the practices of business. It improves the communication, relationships with the customers and also improves the image of the business. The disadvantages of using social networks include wastage of time, lack in the control on feedbacks from public about the business. The feedbacks could be negative (Keller, 2009). As per Australian Government (2015), by using social networks in the business, the business could easily carry away the customers and create a huge number of potential customers for the business which could lead to good profits. There are different pros as well as cons of using social networks in the business. Where on one hand, social networks can reduce marketing costs, increase customer footfall, greater access to new markets and the brand awareness. On the other hand, it may not be suitable for every business. It needs proper planning and time for setting up the networks. Establishing social networks needs daily monitoring in order to evaluate the real progress of the same. So, risks are involved with the establishment of social networks. According to Ioan?s Stoica (2014), in recent years social networking in businesses has gain a huge importance. Social networking can be done through social media which changed the way of communication between the consumers and the marketers. Good networking with the customers motivates them to buy the products and services of the business. The author further add up that social networking revolutionise the marketing practices of advertising and marketing of the business. It also influences the behaviour of consumer for business and its offerings. It provides opportunity to the businesses to engage and interact with the customers so that they can become the loyal customers of the business. But involvement in social networking can pose both the negative or positive impact on the business. The customers may provide negative reviews about the brand which is not under the control of the business. The message conveyed by the company during the process of social networking may be taken diff erently by different users. Even a small mistake conducted by the business could lead to severe effect on the consumers. It may also impact the buying intent of the potential as well as existing consumers. While making social interactions with the public at large, the companies have to take care of the cultural aspects (Tretenhahn, 2011). According to Abedniya Mahmouei (2010), Social networking through internet has created a buzz over the years. Social media sites, which are the most used tool for developing social networks among businesses and between business and consumers, helps in minimising the disparities between the cultures, nationalities anddifferent boundaries. The marketers believe that the more business will be in touch with the customers, more will beits popularity and success. The study by the author concluded that social networking sites contribute in making the activities of the business viral. It makes users believe in the potential of business and increase the productivityand performance of the business. This reduces the barriers which hamper the number of consumers to make an entry and also develops the marketingand communication strategies of the business (Trusov, Bodapati Bucklin, 2010). According to Jagongo Kinyua (2013), the business environment keeps on changing on the continuous basis. There are lot many changes which may benefit or harm the business. Social networking is sharing the business content and ideas with others. It involves communication and interaction which should include creativity, innovation, technology and knowledge to make it interesting. Social networking not only allows businesses to gain an access to the available resources but also increases the worth of the team. It increases and enhances the relationship of business with the suppliers and customers and build up strategic partnerships for the betterment of the business. In 21st century, the business has to adjust and cope up with many changes to be active in the competitive business environment. For this, the business has to be excellent in the social networks. It makes the business accessible to more customers and helps in fulfilling their expectations. It improves the presence of busines s in the market and also gets access to more opportunities. It can boost sales of the business and performance in the industry (Molina?Morales Martnez?Fernndez, 2010). In contrast to the positive views of the use of social networking in business, several authors have also reflected the disadvantages of the same. As per Hajli (2014), social networking also involves some flaws which harm the business. It can give away to negative feedback from the customers which can hamper the image of the company. It takes a lot of effort to maintain the presence of business socially and in front of public because it is the method which could create a long term or long lasting relationships with the customers. The platforms used for building social networks like social media websites may refer or target only a specific generation of people like young age group. The customers above the age of 50- 60 are low in presence on these sites which creates a trouble for the businesses to make their presence and communicate to the older age group. According to Neti (2011), Social media is ever changing. The business has to put in lot of efforts to be updated with the current features and technology of social media to effectively set up networks with the business. The company requires to present new content every now and then to meet the very changing needs of people. It is not necessary that social networking through social media websites is beneficial for every business. No doubt, social media places instant interaction with the customers but it can also lead to bad publicity of the business which is not in control of the business once it is public. Sometimes, it poses a great amount of loss to the business which is very hard to recover. In the words of Paquette (2013), the organisations have to be aware about the attitudes and behaviour of the consumers. It depends on the users attitudes that how they perceive the networking efforts of the brand. The companies have to focus on the user centralised content because the user wo uld like to read or listen what is concerned with them. So it is very important to engage the customers with the brand and the content which they use for social networking. Social networking would influence the purchasing intention of the customers and also provides a chance to the consumers to participate and engage in the business activities (Siricharoen, 2012). Social networking can be done through various modern as well as traditional channels. The traditional channels can be networking with people and potential customers at events and shops. The people used to meet at events and interaction was done in order to keep good relationships with them. It helped in the creation of long term loyal and satisfied customers and also resulted in increase in sales (Van der Bank, 2015). This method of networking is out-dated as it does not have so much of impact on the popularity of business. Evolution of social media has changed the way businesses could market themselves. Internet has opened many gates for the businesses to establish good connection and interaction with the customers so that they can get popular and can get along with as many customers as possible. Internet helps the businesses in establishing networks through emails, online marketing campaigns and social media websites like Facebook, twitter, Linked In, you tube and many more. These websites have millions of users and the numbers are increasing with the passage of time. There are over 3 million of social media users of social media which gives a great opportunity to business to establish to good social network for the future success of the business (Copp, 2016). The sources which are considered are latest and no out-dated information or data has been referred. This is done to include only valid and latest information which makes sense to the topic of the literature review. The quality of the research papers which are referred is good and it supports the topic. The research is valid as all the sources which are been referred are genuine and are referenced properly at the end of the paper. The names of authors and the year to which the source belong have been mentioned. The details and data is authentic and proper links are been provided to check to the reliability of the same. The sources are relevant to the topic Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business and effective analyses has been made of the sources which are been referred. The research gap is a limitation which is in the existing researches and need to be corrected in the present research. When the research questions are not answered, the gap remains in the research. The contribution is made by referring various articles and research papers and comparing the views of different authors so that the gap of research can be bridged well. It can be concluded from the above research and study that Social networking is like a boon for the businesses because it provides many opportunities for the business in the present competitive world. It provides a competitive edge to the business by interacting with potential customers and developing good relationships with them. The literature has been developed by referring many scholarly articles and research papers completed by different authors who talk about the advantages and disadvantages of social networking in business. All the authors have different views on the topic and these are discussed to reach to the conclusion after the analysis of their views References Abedniya, A Mahmouei, S S (2010). The Impact of Social Networking Websites to Facilitate the Effectiveness of Viral Marketing. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. Vol. 1, No.6. Australian Government (2015). Pros and cons of using social media for business. Retrieved from: https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/advertising-and-online/pros-and-cons-of-social-media. Baruah, T D (2012). Effectiveness of Social Media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: A micro-level study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Volume 2, Issue 5. Copp, E (2016). 10 Benefits of Social Media for Business. Hootsuite. Retrieved from https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-for-business/. Hajli, M N (2014). A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal of Market Research. Vol. 56 Issue 3. Hanafizadeh, P, Ravasan, A Z, Navabi, A Mehrabioun, M (2012). A Literature Review on the Business Impacts of Social Network Sites. International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking. 4(1), 46-60. Ioan?s, E Stoica, I (2014). Social Media and its Impact on Consumers Behavior. International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories. Vol. 4, No. 2. Jagongo, A Kinyua, C (2013). The Social Media and Entrepreneurship Growth. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Vol. 3 No. 10. Keller, K. L. (2009). Building strong brands in a modern marketing communications environment. Journal of marketing communications. 15(2-3), 139-155. Molina?Morales, F X Martnez?Fernndez, M T (2010). Social networks: effects of social capital on firm innovation. Journal of Small Business Management. 48(2), 258-279. Neti, S (2011). Social media and its role in Marketing. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems, Vol 1. Issue 2. Paquette, H (2013). Social Media as a Marketing Tool: A Literature Review. Textiles, Fashion Merchandising and Design. Parveen, F (2012). Impact of Social Media Usage On Organizations. Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. Siricharoen, W V (2012). Social Media, How does it Work for Business?. Social Media, How does it Work for Business?. Vol. 3, No. 4. Tretenhahn, S (2011). Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of using social networking tools and concepts in the meeting industry. AIM Group International. Trusov, M, Bodapati, A V, Bucklin, R E (2010). Determining influential users in internet social networks. Journal of Marketing Research. 47(4), 643-658. Van der Bank, C M (2015). The impact of social media: advantages or disadvantages. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Vol. 4 (2).

What Topics for Presentation Is - and What it Is Not

What Topics for Presentation Is - and What it Is Not The Benefits of Topics for Presentation Though it is a simple method of coping with the assignment because you may look through tons of similar speeches written before, you may not get the result you desire. It's best in the event you choose a topic in which you get a genuine interest in as you'll be doing tons of research on it and if it's something which you take pleasure in the procedure will be significantly easier and more enjoyable. You also have the time to include more complex attention grabbers like short videos and animations. Don't hesitate to get in touch with us, our speech writing team may give you a hand and make everything a good deal simpler! The Fight Against Topics for Presentation Ask an outstanding question at the start to get people talking. There are positive and negative people. Men and women that are skilled and have mastered the art of earning different persuasive speech topics sound attractive and convincing because they can influence people with the direction they want. The more severe the consequences of the matter, the more probable it is people will care about the problem. Topics for Presentation Secrets That No One Else Knows About Thus, a speech should be organized. Research your audience to learn as much as possible about them. Speak to Your Teacher Your professors may provide you with a few exceptional presentation ideas if you seek their help at the same time. Computer literacy should really get increased. You can pick any of the suggested topics to create an intriguing college presentation. Anti-piracy computer software program won't ever get the job done. You should remember to make your PowerPoint presentation effective and memorable. Definitions of Topics for Presentation When creating a brief presentation, keep in mind that it's important to understand your audience well. If you are able to, possess the title slide on the screen prior to your presentation starts. You most likely don't have enough time to demonstrate a video or play complex animations. Moreover, presentations should not consist of content which might be deemed inappropriate for someone. The Ultimate Topics for Presentation Trick Another notion is to request stories or experiences of commonly looked over hazards at work. It is very important to drive home the point that fulfillment of potential in only one area doesn't make successful. Many people wind up c overing the very same tired topics they see in the media every day, only because they can't produce a better idea. Take a look at distinct sources and points of view to be sure that you're getting the complete picture, and should you know any experts on the subject, be certain to ask their opinion too. English presentation topics for every single student who wants interesting info and intriguing topics that could be shown through a helpful presentation. You may start out by composing a list of potential topics. Medical topics give an almost limitless number of prospective speech topics for persuasive speeches. Oral presentation topics must be dealt with properly to attain a desirable outcome. Hot button issues like immigration in the USA make for compelling persuasive speech topics, as most of the audience is very likely to have an opinion about it. For quick presentations, your topic selection is crucial. Keep in mind that it's not simply the topic that matters but the manner in which you present the information also. Ecological topics are usually popular persuasive speech topics. The ability to provide an effective presentation at work is a vital skill that each and every employee should possess. Keep in mind that a successful presentation is a mix of interesting info and helpful visual aids. Remember you might accelerate your delivery during the true presentation, so aim to account for that. Timing your presentation is additionally the only method to know for sure how much time it will take. Hearsay, Lies and Topics for Presentation The writers are almost always prepared to help. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. Many speaking coaches advise that you do away with slides altogether. One other important component when picking a persuasive speech topic is to select a topic that may provoke your audience a little. Whenever someone is nicely presenting a speech, it's often simple to assume they have not put any effort because it looks easy. Needless to say, giving a wonderful persuasive speech requires more than simply picking a great topic. For entrepreneurs and company leaders, the capability to deliver an awe-inspiring presentation is a competitive benefit. Everyone should have easy accessibility to healthcare services. As an example, let's say you're giving a presentation to a prospective client on the value of content marketing and how you consultation services can develop the great on-line content promoting program. The work of business is simply business 73.

Easy Sports Topics to Research For a Medical Negligence Case

Easy Sports Topics to Research For a Medical Negligence CaseWe often tend to overlook the importance of easy sports topics to research for a medical negligence case. But it is important that we do this and it's vital we choose the appropriate topic to fit our case, so that the result is more advantageous for us. This article will give you some suggestions that are very useful when considering the easy sports topics to research for a medical negligence case.We begin with the case study itself. A medical negligence case will generally require a case study which will outline what has happened and what caused the injuries. It will need to identify the events which lead to the injuries and also describe how they were experienced and whether there was any preventative action taken to avoid them. It is very important that the case study is a fairly accurate representation of what occurred.The next topic that is very easy to research for a medical negligence case is the reporting of the inju ry. In many cases the injury is described as an accident and was just as much a result of another person's carelessness as it was from the injuries themselves. This is why it is important to get the details of the event right before producing your case study.For example, if the child had been given pain killers before the game it may be possible that the local medical staff did not consider this to be an aggravating factor. If the injury was really serious or in any way life threatening it may also be possible that the attending medical staff were not sufficiently aware of the seriousness of the situation. These are just two examples of the types of facts that should be included in your case study.One other fact that can be included in the case study is the patient's reaction to the news that they may have sustained an injury while playing. It is very difficult to argue a claim in a court of law when you have been given some vague description of what happened to you. If you have a g raphic picture of the scene after you were hurt, it is going to be far easier to establish who is responsible.If your case study includes the facts of how quickly the news of your injury spread it is going to be helpful for you when deciding on the nature of your medical negligence case. If the news only came out as a result of the media, it could be argued that the lack of notice was a contributory factor in the injury. You may need to include evidence from such media as a newspaper or other such type of media.Your case must also deal with the impact the news has had on your family. One way of investigating this is to examine the possibility of future sports activities, for example if the injury will keep the child out of school for several months or even years. If the injury is serious enough to prevent the child from playing at all, it may well be necessary to have them placed in an environment where they are more safe and protected.As you can see there are plenty of easy sports topics to research for a medical negligence case. Although it is important that you choose the appropriate case study, it is also important that you choose the appropriate sport for your particular circumstances.

Colorado College Common Application Essay

Colorado College Common Application EssayColorado College has been around for a long time and that's why it's so important to prepare a Colorado College Common Application essay for college admission. It should be an amazing experience for you. Once you enter college, you'll find that a great thing about Colorado College is the opportunities to interact with people from all over the world. You'll meet and do great things with many of them in the next years.You'll have to think about your life experiences and try to highlight the good times you had with them. The most memorable experiences are those which help you to appreciate how fortunate you are. Then you have to choose the kind of college that you'd like to attend. The better the school you chose, the better you'll have a chance to earn a degree.A Colorado College Common Application essay can tell a lot about your life and what kind of career you would like to pursue. It will also let you know the kind of courses you need to take in order to get into certain programs. You need to decide whether you're going to get a bachelor's degree or just a certificate from a college or university. They even have a program which allows you to have a degree with a certificate at a different institution. Many of the institutions have a program where you can finish both degrees by enrolling in their dual program.Other colleges are becoming more open to having such programs which help students work towards getting the degree they want. It's always good to have a set of goals that you need to reach in order to be successful in the future. For example, if you don't like working full time and you can only afford part time, then it's best to get a degree that will allow you to be flexible with your hours. Another idea is to get a certificate which will be required to qualify for further courses and open up more job opportunities.It's always good to take advice from friends and family when thinking about a school to apply to. Loo k for people who have successfully graduated from the school you're interested in and find out what courses they have taken and whether they are satisfied with their course of study. If you do this, you'll find that most of the classes you will take will probably fit into the areas you wish to be successful in. If you want to take up a degree in engineering, then you should be able to find a course that is made for that kind of person. These will give you the confidence that you need in order to continue in your career.You can also try to include in your Colorado College Common Application essay what makes you stand out from the rest of the applicants. There are courses available that will help you learn new things in a fresh and interesting way. You can choose to take a certificate course, some of which may even lead to a job or degree.When writing your Colorado College Common Application essay, you need to focus on what the school wants from you. Make sure that you have some of th e experiences you've had that will help you succeed in your future endeavors. Don't limit yourself to your home town or school, but explore all the possibilities that exist. After you've written and submitted your Colorado College Common Application essay, make sure that you get it to the right person who will evaluate it and make a decision about your college application.

Bibliographical Essay Samples

Bibliographical Essay SamplesThere are many reasons why you may wish to use bibliographical essay samples. Perhaps you want to obtain a copy of an old book, perhaps you want to find out the author's last name, or perhaps you wish to learn more about a person and the place they were from.Of course, there are many other possible circumstances as well. These samples are just one method for you to find out about a person. Below are some reasons that you may wish to use them.If you're interested in a book, there are many places where you can obtain copies. However, these are not always the best prices. You can save yourself a great deal of money by obtaining them from the library. Libraries do not typically charge much for using their resources, and they are typically much more affordable than purchasing the same books online.Another place where you will be able to obtain bibliographic essay samples is through the Internet. However, it may be a bit harder to find the book you need. The In ternet often only has the name of the author listed, and this often isn't sufficient. However, with a little patience and the right search engine you will be able to locate the book you're looking for.The articles that you will find in books are sometimes very helpful. The books are written in the form of essays, and some people enjoy reading them. In fact, most people enjoy reading them. When you're looking for a book, this article is for you.To take things a step further, you may also be interested in obtaining a copy of an essay from the present day. Of course, the use of essays does not exactly make a lot of sense today. Infact, it was almost unheard of back in the nineteenth century. However, it's still possible to locate an essay from the past if you know where to look.So, if you're interested in obtaining essay samples, don't let this opportunity pass you by. Use it to learn more about the people you know, the places you have traveled, and the histories that have been passed down throughout the centuries.

The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies

Introduction Historical events are directly or indirectly responsible for the prevalent issues in the contemporary world. For instance, the aftermath of the Second World War is directly and indirectly responsible for the business and economic landscape that the world enjoys today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, occurrences such as the Black Death, the late medieval demographic crises, and the standard of living controversies that transpired in Europe many centuries ago have continued to influence Europe economically and socio-culturally. It may not be a simple task to pinpoint such influences in modern Europe, but traces of these ancient occurrences exist even to date. This essay explores these events (the Black Death, the late medieval demographic crises and the standard of living controversies) in a bid to gain a clear concept of their causal factors, incidence, and aftermath. The Black Death and other Medieval Demographic Crises The Black Death is a phrase that is commonly used to refer to a mid-fourteenth century pandemic that struck Europe and killed over one third of the population of the continent. Specifically, the adverse effects of the pandemic were severe between 1347 and 1348, which was a considerably high number of deaths to have been recorded out of a disease breakdown (Munro 8). Most literature on the Black Death tends to show consensus on the view that the pandemic was due to Bubonic Plague caused by Yersinia pestis, which is a bacterium that is associated with rodents (Cohn 719). Thus, according to some historians, rats played a major role in the spread of the plague from one location to another. The pandemic is at the center of numerous controversies. Some historians assert that it obtained its name the â€Å"Black Death† becau se its victims’ skins turned black apparently due to sub-dermal hemorrhages they suffered under the ravages of the plague (Cohn 722). Such claims make the name of the pandemic a moot point because another group of historians dispute the idea that the name originated from the discoloration of the victims’ skins, but it is instead a metaphorical expression used to allude to the terrible nature of the pandemic (Cohn 724).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These controversies are also typical of the claims about the events that preceded the Black Death. Many historians have given varying explanations as to what led to the occurrence of such a devastating pandemic. This essay thus proceeds to explore the different perspectives on the same. Several authors have given their own accounts of what they think might have led to the Black Death. Such explanations vary from erratic climat ic patterns to low levels of hygiene among the people of medieval Europe, especially in the village settings. The aforementioned idea of the pandemic’s origin in China and spreading through trade routes into Europe is one of the explanations, which have been offered by historians about the origin and spread of the plague that caused the Black Death (Zapotoczny 2). A complete departure from the idea that the pandemic originated from the East is given with an explanation that anchors on the great famine, which was witnessed in Europe between 1314 and 1322 (Haddock and Kiesling 545). This famine was occasioned by several factors among them the almost biblical flooding of 1314 to 1317, epidemics such as the cattle panzootic that ravaged herds between 1314 and 1321 as well as the acute decline in salt supply, which limited the ability to season meat to compensate for the reduction in cereal production. In addition, wars were also a common feature of this era, and thus armies consu med much of the scarce resources. This continuum of unfavorable events exacerbated the already wanting food situation in Europe. Harvests were not only meager but were also in most cases not fit for human consumption mainly because the incessant rains leeched nitrates from the soil thus leaving the crops with nothing to enhance their growth and development. The result was crops infested with diseases such as rusts, smuts, mildews, and molds.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These impurities made the crops poisonous because when ingested, these substances lowered the immunity of the people and caused ill mental health as well. Considering the events of the fourteenth century, it emerges that it was a century of great agony to the continent of Europe because so much happened within a rela tively short time. However, the great famine and the events that accompanied it such as the incessant rains, ravaging wars, animal epidemics, and illnesses that emerged from consuming unhealthy food abated in the 1320s. This famine came upon Europe at a time when the continent had previously experienced a period of relative calm that had given them a carefree attitude. There was a period of sustained economic expansion and improvement of the standards of living that defied the effects of population growth. Historians report that between 800 and 1300, the population of Europe had been on a steady rise, which saw it move from below 40 million to over 80 million. This growth was accompanied by an expansion in production, which saw the standards of living rise despite the rise in population. Even though the population rose steadily, there were enough resources to match and sustain the population escalation. By the beginning of the 14th century, the population of Europe was at a point wh ere no margins were left in the production such that any slight fluctuation in the production was capable of causing a food crisis. This assertion implies that the resources had stretched to their maximum production capabilities. In addition, at the time, the European society was largely agrarian such that its well-being was anchored on the performance of crops and livestock. This inclination towards agriculture was dangerous as at the time farmers depended on natural conditions as opposed to the contemporary times where irrigation and farming best practices are a common place. Therefore, any occurrence affecting food production would put the society in a precarious situation.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At this point, it is apparent that the Malthusian crisis was imminent upon the European people. According to Malthus, expansion and growth was only sustainable to the limit of resources; beyond that point, the world would naturally decongest itself to a level the pattern would start over again. It is true that right at the time when Europe was stretched to its limit, disaster struck causing production to decline several folds not only in crops, but in livestock as well because livestock epidemics such as the cattle panzootic swept across Europe at the time. This sequence of events tends to espouse the argument that Malthus advanced. However, what is not clear is how the erratic weather patterns such the rains and livestock epidemics came in to trigger one of the greatest famines ever recorded in annals of the world. It would be easier to claim that the great famine was a Malthusian crisis if production was maintained at pre-famine levels but people perished because the production wa s not adequate to sustain everyone. In other terms, the great famine cannot be exhaustively explained from an economics point of view, which has left many in a dilemma because though it would be easier to assume that it was a Malthusian crisis, the origin of floods and livestock epidemics is beyond economics, yet Malthus advanced his argument from an economics point of view. The Black Death, which descended on the continent in late 1340s, set in after a full decade of no major occurrences. The production levels in both the manufacturing and the agriculture industry had gone back to pre-famine levels (Munro 9). This aspect implies that an attempt to link the great famine and its effects to the Black Death may not strongly hold. In this sense, the Black Death and the great famine are independent of one another. The relationship between the two rests only in the fact that the two were among the events that added to the agonies of the 14th century Europe. They are both part of the demog raphic crises of late-medieval Europe. Statistics show that the decline in population of Europe had started to decline before the advent of the Black Death. The most illustrious example can be seen in the demographic records of Tuscany (Italy) which show a decline of between 30%-40% before the Black Death. Similar records exist for other towns and regions in Europe albeit at varying degrees of severity. In this sense, the great famine was part of a continuum of unfortunate occurrences of the 14th century that almost depopulated Europe. The Black Death is also part of the continuum as are several other outbreaks that claimed considerable numbers of lives after the Black Death. Mentioning here that the Black Death was part of a continuum of occurrences that constitute what is generally referred to as the demographic crises of late-medieval Europe, does not mean that it fits into the Malthusian argument. Like in the case of the great famine, there is no clear economics oriented explana tion that can adequately account for the Black Death. Thus the two are not linked to each other and do not fit in with the Malthusian argument. The only part of the late-medieval crises that can be explained adequately from an economics perspective and thus fit in with the argument that was advanced by Malthus are the ravaging wars that were rampant all over Europe. An important aspect of the Black Death in particular, is the rate at which it spread over the entire Europe and parts of Asia within such a short time. Several explanations are present in the literature to this effect. The disease started in Asia and came aboard merchant ships in rats and fleas as well as the merchants themselves. Its rapid spread is attributed to the flourishing trade after the great famine. Human movement was rife both within Europe and beyond because European merchants travelled everywhere. On their journeys back to their lands, they brought with them merchandise as well as all sorts of diseases. In t he process of distributing their merchandise to their European markets, the plague spread rapidly across the European continent because it is claimed to have been contagious (Zapotoczny 3). In addition, due to the generally filthy conditions of medieval Europe, rats and fleas had the opportunity to thrive and thus spread the disease unprecedentedly. Others note that it was believed to be God’s punishment due to the inequities of humanity, and thus flagellants sought to appease God through emulating the martyrdom of Jesus Christ. They were whipped and flogged in order to obtain God’s favor for themselves and the rest (Munro 12). This exposed others to their blood and through contact, the disease spread rapidly. The Black Death was incident in the entire Europe and some parts of Asia. No accounts of the pandemic spreading to other parts of the world apart from the Eurasian continent exist. There could be several reasons why such accounts do not exist in today’s li terature; however, it cannot be assumed that the pandemic was only affected Europe and Asia. Since the pandemic’s main pathways were trade routes between Asia and Europe, the Northern parts of Africa, especially Egypt, must have been affected. The pandemic is reported to have affected three continents and since Asia and Europe are the most clearly documented, the third continent must have been Africa due to its proximity to the two. The bottom line is that three out of the world’s six continents were affected by the Black Death. Effects of the Black Death and other late medieval crises Many effects followed the Black Death, but to understand them better, it is prudent to consider the economic situation of Europe before, during, and after the Black Death. There had been a protracted inflation, which ended with the onset of the fourteenth century (Munro 14). This inflation was followed by the great famine and other events that accompanied it such as animal epidemics. Aft er the great famine, the European economy picked a positive pattern and grew to pre-famine levels before the onset of the Black Death; but even then, there was an economic meltdown (Bridbury 394). Wages for laborers were at an all time high just before the Black Death, which is an indicator that the economy was doing well. This positive trend can be attributed to a departure from over reliance on agriculture because the famine had demonstrated the perils of such a lifestyle. Unfortunately, the flourishing economic activities that followed the great famine only served to worsen the Black Death by aggravating its spread. After the Black Death, employers’ scrambled for the few remaining laborers (Zapotoczny 3). What followed next was that wealth was at the disposal of a few and peasant laborers could earn several times more than before the Black Death. This pattern was replicated in the middle class with the result of increased wealth per capita. For the business community and p roperty owners, things were different for they had to pay higher wages hence lower profits (Haddock and Kiesling 549). The economic disruptions caused by the Black Death penetrated government systems occasioning some to come up with measures to stabilize their economies. For instance, the British Monarchy sought to establish ceilings for the prices of commodities and wages paid to laborers to eliminate any possibilities of their rise beyond the pre-plague levels (Zapotoczny 4). Similar trends were observed in parts of France, Germany, and Italy. Proprietors attempted to raise their incomes by seeking higher payments from their tenants. This move, coupled with the legislations that were not favorable towards peasants, led to uprisings in England and other parts of Europe in late fourteenth century (Zapotoczny 4). These unrests are considered as major contributors to the philosophical and scientific advancement in Western Europe and since they were not prevalent in Eastern Europe, it can be understood why it (Eastern Europe) trails its western counterparts (Zapotoczny 5) In the religious realm, the Black Death radically changed the position of the church in the eyes of the common person. The Black Death lowered the standing of the church leading to the sprouting of other religions and a general departure from church values among Europeans. The culture of Europe like many other aspects of life also changed after the plague. People became generally pessimistic about life and turned to alcohol and other substances that would help them to escape reality. This trend encouraged a culture of alcohol consumption, indulgence, and departure from social and moral norms of the pre-plague period among Europeans. Conclusion The occurrence of the Black Death remains unequaled in the history of the world. Although it affected Europe and significant parts of Asia, its severity transcends even global crises that have been recorded in the annals of world history. Its effects alter ed significantly the continent of Europe and traces of the culture that developed in its aftermath can still be pointed out in Europe today. It goes down as the most illustrious of all the pestilence that Europe, and even the entire world, has ever known in its history. Works Cited Cohn, Samuel. â€Å"The Black Death: End of a Paradigm.† The American Historical Review, vol.  107, no. 3, 2002, pp. 703-738. Bridbury, Anthony. â€Å"Before The Black Death.† The Economic History Review, vol. 30, no. 3, 1977, pp. 393-410. Haddock, David, and Lynne Kiesling. â€Å"The Black Death and Property Rights.† The Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 31, no. 2, 2002, pp. 545-587. Munro, John.  Before and After the Black Death: Money, Prices, and Wages in Fourteenth-Century England. PDF File. 2004. economics.utoronto.ca/public/workingPapers/UT-ECIPA-MUNRO-04-04.pdf. Zapotoczny, Walter. The Political and Social Consequences of the Black Death, 1348 – 1351. PDF file. 2006. w zaponline.com/BlackDeath.pdf. This essay on The Black Death, the Late Medieval Demographic Crises, and the Standard of Living Controversies was written and submitted by user Mina Lester to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

My Future Career and Plans Essay Example

My Future Career and Plans Essay Example My Future Career and Plans Essay My Future Career and Plans Essay My future career and plans The first I have to do is to finish this school. After it there I would like to study The University of Economics or Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Czech Technical University. Rather I would like to study the University of Economics, because after finishing it I would have two qualifications, computer specialist and engineer of economy. The second school is very good too, because I would have a complex overview in computers. During the studies I would like to join some exchange program for students and study few months abroad. It would be absolutely perfect, because of get some experience with foreign circumstances. Next aim I would like to achieve is to learn fluently French and German. It’s necessary, because we are surrounded by German speaking countries and the official language in the European Union is the French. My school selection has another advantage. After reach some experience skills in the computer world I could certify my knowledge by Microsoft certificating program. The test and certificate are world reputable, which could be very useful in the future job. During the studies, there is a possibility to work for a company connected with school, where I could get some experience as a practice. If I found some good practice during my studies I would try to lunch out on my own. I would try to find a flat and live my own life. I have to prove to everybody, especially to my family, that I am able to see after myself. After the school I would like to find well paid work, but I would have to enjoy it. In the work which I don’t enjoy I don’t do maximum for it and it’s not good. After get some experience If possible I would like to create my own computer company, because what I know certain is that I don’t want to work with some company and after fifty years they will tell me â€Å"By Mike, you were good, but we don’t need you anymore†. That’s my nightmare. I want to leave some product of my whole life work here. I exactly don’t know the specialization of my future company, but I would like to undertake in the computer world, because it has a future. That’s another reason why I would like to study the University of Economics. For choice I would like to undertake with my present friends, because I can believe them and they will study similar schools. I believe that would be successful company and we would earn a lot of money. I would buy a comfortable car and I would buy a land and built a big house with an indoor and outdoor swimming pool. The bases for a good life are the material resources and a life partner. I don’t enjoy the marriage so I would like to live with my partner without it at least until the time we would have children, because it’s not necessary for me to have an affirmation which allows me to live with somebody I love. I think that it is a modern tendency to live without a marriage, so I would try it. I suppose that people will come to know each other better. After I will have children I would like to look after my family, so the conditions is that the company will be reputable and it will be run by perspective people and I will only share the profits and do only the representative functions as propagations of our interests.